What is android-gradle

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Warning:The specified Android SDK Build Tools version (26.0.0) is ignored, as it is below the minimum supported version (26.0.2) for Android Gradle Plugin 3.0.1. Android SDK Build Tools 26.0.2 will be used. To suppress this warning, remove 'buildToolsVersion '26.0.0' from your build.gradle file, as each version of the Android Gradle Plugin now.

android-gradle is a gradle plugin officially maintained by Google Tools developer team and is the official build tool since the announcement in May 16, 2013 at the Google I/O.

Learn the basic by reading Configure your build with Gradle.

Main features

The main features of the Android Gradle Plugin are:

Modular Projects with libraries
Variants through Flavors and Build Types
IDE independent builds

Overview

Download and install Android Studio
open it and create a new project with all default settings

In theory you can install gradle directly, build the configuration files and directory structure by yourself. In practice no-one does that.

Project Structure

A project folder structure typically look like this:

`android-gradle` Plugin

A gradle project is usually divided in sub-project or modules each containing a dedicated build script.

The plugin dependency is usually declared in the main / top level build.gradle file:

In this example the android-gradle plugin version is 2.1.2 as you can see from this line:

Modules

The Project is divided into modules each containing a dedicated build.gradle script. The settings.gradle file list these modules:

The colon : is used somewhat as a folder delimiter.

To use the plugin it has to be applied at the top of the build.gradle file of each module (app in the example).

For an Android Application:

For an Android Library:

And then configured in it's android tag:

Basic Android application Configuration

The build.gradle generated by Android Studio for an application looks like this:

Configure your build with Gradle teach you more advanced Android Gradle Plugin settings and options and go deeper in the meaning of this setting.

The defaultConfig is called like that because it can be overridden with Product Flavors.

The buildTypes tag allow you to setup how to build your app enabling optimization (like proguard), you can learn more reading Build Types. It can also be used to setup signing of your app.

You should also learn more on how to Declare Dependencies. As you see the dependencies tag is outside the android one: this means it's not defined by the Android plugin but it's standard gradle.

The Gradle Wrapper

Android Studio will also, by default, install a gradle wrapper. This is a tool you can execute directly from the command line and it will download a local specific version of gradle the first time you execute it.

To launch compile the app you can then launch the gradle wrapper

Linux / Mac:

Windows:

The script launch the wrapper, contained in a gradle folder in the root directory of your project:

gradle-wrapper.jar: the code of the wrapper to download gradle and execute it
gradle-wrapper.properties define which gradle version the wrapper should download

External Links:

Gradle tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of the Gradle tool. Our Gradle tutorial is developed for beginners and professionals.

Our Gradle tutorial includes project task, installation and configuration, Gradle build, Gradle Build Scans, Gradle dependencies, Gradle Projects, Gradle eclipse plug-in, Gradle with Java, Gradle with spring, Gradle with Android and more concepts related to Gradle.

Gradle is an advanced general-purpose build management tool that is based on Groovy and Kotlin. It is a build automation tool that is an open-source and based on the concepts of Apache Maven and Apache Ant. It is developed for the multi-projects, which can be quite large. It has been developed for building automation on many languages and platforms, including Java, Scala, Android, C / C ++, and Groovy.

What is Gradle?

Gradle is an open source build automation tool that is based on the concept of Apache Maven and Apache Ant. It is capable of building almost any type of software. It is designed for the multi-project build, which can be quite large. It introduces a Java and Groovy-based DSL(Domain Specific Language) instead of XML (Extensible Markup Language) for declaring the project configuration. It uses a DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) to define the order of executing the task.

Gradle offers an elastic model that can help the development lifecycle from compiling and packaging code for web and mobile applications. It provides support for the building, testing, and deploying software on different platforms. It has been developed for building automation on many languages and platforms, including Java, Scala, Android, C / C ++, and Groovy. Gradle provides integration with several development tools and servers, including Eclipse, IntelliJ, Jenkins, and Android Studio.

Gradle is used by large projects such as Spring Projects, Hibernate Projects, and Grails Projects. Some Leading Enterprise companies like LinkedIn and Netflix use Gradle.

Gradle was initially released in 2007, and it is stably released on November 18, 2019 (latest version 6.0.1). Gradle has taken the advantages of both Ant and Maven and remove the drawbacks of both.

What is a Build Tool?

Build tools are programs that are used to automate the creation of executable applications from source code. The building process involves compiling, linking, and packaging the code into a useful or executable form. Developers often implement the build process manually for small projects. But this cannot be done for large projects where it is complicated to keep track of what is needed for construction, in what order, and what dependencies are in the building process. Using the automation tools makes the build process more consistent.

Projects and Tasks in Gradle

Gradle describes everything on the basis of projects and tasks. Every Gradle build contains one or more projects, and these projects contain some tasks.

Gradle Projects

In Gradle, A project represents a library JAR or a web application. It may also represent a distribution ZIP, which is assembled from the JARs produced by other projects. A project could be deploying your application to

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